{"id":1559,"date":"2022-09-04T13:29:37","date_gmt":"2022-09-04T13:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/?page_id=1559"},"modified":"2022-09-04T13:44:36","modified_gmt":"2022-09-04T13:44:36","slug":"conflicts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/conflicts\/","title":{"rendered":"Conflicts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1559\" class=\"elementor elementor-1559\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da55c80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da55c80\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-837e8d0\" data-id=\"837e8d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0d9fe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0d9fe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conflicts<\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-154383d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"154383d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c8ef11\" data-id=\"2c8ef11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b017a2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b017a2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"768\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1-768x432.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1337\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c68a52b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c68a52b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b9c862\" data-id=\"3b9c862\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82ffeff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82ffeff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>As Leo Tolstoy very rightly said that, \u201cthe seed of every crime are in each of us.\u201d Crime is not an out-side phenomena, it lives with each individual\u2019s inner self and depending on the opportunities available, it can come out. \u201cPower corrupts\u201d and \u201cthe needy are not respectable\u201d are some of the notions used by both the weaker and stronger communities to legitimize their actions. It changes its shape from place to place and individual to individual. Shame, honour, customary practice, ego what others will think or say are the basic elements that lead to crime in the high context society in general and Pukhtoon community of Afghanistan and Pakistan in particular. Such elements generate crime in each individual with different excuses. In some cases the victimization of the offender is dominated by his commitment of crime to others, while weak law give ample opportunities to the strong to take it in his own hand and quench his thirst. Strong law prevents the criminal from committing a crime in one hand, while social bondage prevents the individual from committing the crime, even in the weaker law countries. Divine law is the most important above all if taken it in the real sense to prevent community members from committing the crimes. If divine law is not practice then the two laws come to challenge each other\u2019s existence. The criminal justice system and the traditional system of different communities practice in different part of the world. Such traditional systems are organized in the WEST under the umbrella of restorative justice systems. Called circle in the WEST, Sulha in the Middle East, gachacha in Africa, Morie tribe traditional practice in New Zealand are RJ systems. Jirga of the Pukhtoon community of Pakistan is the same system, with little differences.<\/p><p><strong><b>Human soul has three type of inclination as per the teaching of Islam;<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><b>Amara<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(the inclination towards doing wrong, evil and sinful acts, termed as Nafs-i-Ammarah (12:53)<\/p><p><strong><b>Lawama<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(the inclination towards realisation and repentance i.e. to realise immediately if one does something wrong, that what he has done is wrong, and repent over it or rather reproach oneself for it, termed as Nafs-i-Lawwamah (75:2).<\/p><p><strong><b>Mutama\u2019ina<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0(the inclination towards doing good and righteous deeds, termed as Nafs-i-Mutmainnah (89:27),<\/p><p>They were misguided by their nafs \u00a0but don\u2019t realize it.(al baqara. 1)<\/p><p>Indeed the nafs instigates you on sin except those upon ALLAH endorses His mercy. \u00a0(13)<\/p><p><strong><b>Right and duties<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Human soul +internal struggle&#8212;&#8211;two possibilities<\/li><li>Hardwork+legal means&#8212;-reward&#8212;internal+extrenal satisfaction.<\/li><li>Shortcutts+illegal means&#8212;&#8211;violation of right&#8212;&#8212;-internal +external dissatisfaction&#8212;&#8212;-conflict<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Conflicts erupt, as those who are same seek to:<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>control the other (&amp; reduced its otherness).<\/li><li>subordinate the other (&amp; exploit its otherness)<\/li><li>destroy the other (&amp; annihilate its otherness)<\/li><li>exclude the other (&amp; escape from threat of otherness)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Main Reason of conflict;<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Core of conflict theory is power &amp; not conflict<\/li><li>Conflict occurs when allocations of resources are seen as inadequate &amp; division of power is perceived as illegitimate<\/li><li>Conflict can be triggered by intentional \u201cmismatching of words\u201d<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Different stages of conflict;<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Discussion<ul><li>Trust &amp; respect still exist<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Polarizing<ul><li>Parties create distance, communicate indirectly<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p>3. Segregation<\/p><ul><li>We are good, other are evils<\/li><li>Totally boycott, to win or lose<\/li><\/ul><p>4. Destructive<\/p><ul><li>Direct violence, or complete violence<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Responding to conflict;<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>1. Destructive conflict needs containment<\/p><p>2. Confusing conflict needs clarification<\/p><p>3. Creative conflict needs utilizations<\/p><p>All conflicts require transformation, that does not eliminate or control but channels, alters (changes, amends, revises) And ultimately transforms the relationship<\/p><p><strong><b>Conflict Responses<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.\u201d \u2013JamBaldwin.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>1; FIGHT<\/p><p>2; FLIGHT<\/p><p>3; FREEZE<\/p><p><strong><b>Methods of conflict Prevention;<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Conflict management<\/li><li>Conflict resolution<\/li><li>Conflict transformation<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Conflict management strategies<\/b><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Accommodation<\/li><li>Avoidance<\/li><li>Collaboration<\/li><li>Competition<\/li><li>Compromise<\/li><li>Co-existence \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b>Different Laws for conflict Resolution!<\/b><\/strong><\/p><h3>What we mean by law<\/h3><p>Crime brings fear directly to the victim, his family, and friends and to the whole community. The criminal law is considered to be useful in achieving five ends, these are to reform the offender, to restrain him, to deter others, to revive communion symbolically, and as substantively. Is the prevailing judicial system sufficient to meet the above requirements? If not then we should find ways to make the system strong with other resources.<\/p><p>The prevailing law mostly focuses on the three important questions.<\/p><ol><li>What law has been broken?<\/li><li>Who did it?<\/li><li>What they deserve?<\/li><\/ol><p>States become victim in case of any offence, as crime by definition of the state is the violation of the existing law. The real victim and secondary victim is the community, kept aside by dealing with the offender. Does the law serve the purpose to fulfill the needs of the victim and community and compel the offender to make the wrong right? There are two types of law. Divine law and man made law. With in the man made then again there is state and traditional community based system. State law varies from state to state, but the traditional systems there are much community. As \u00a0it is community bases, governed by elders, cheap, easily accessible and speedy<\/p><h3>Traditional system<\/h3><p>The world community followed divine law as their daily routine in the begging. With the passage of time, as human beings became more knowledgeable and more crowded, they started practicing their own traditional way of inter-action. Each community developed their own system. Some of these community systems are still preserved in one way or another. The most visible structure of such systems are circle in North America, Gagacha in Africa, Sulha in Middle east, Custom and traditions of the Morai tribe of New Zealand and Jirga in the Pukhtoon belt of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<\/p><p>When the concept of the state system came, state took the right of decision making from the community and declared herself a victim in the conflict, with the excuse that the perpetrator has broken the state law. With this the victim and community, apart from the initial involvement, were kept aside and direct action between the state and victim started. The state system not only kept the victim and community aside, but also prolonged the process, making it slow and costly. The State also tried to influence the traditional system through one-way or another for her own interest; the common example is FCR (Frontier crime regulation still in practice, introduced by the British empire to control the tribal belt Jirga system in Pakistan). The traditional Jirga system was community based, speedy and accessible to everyone. It did not lose its importance and still remains intact in the Pukhtoon belt of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<\/p><p>It is a name given to the model, in which a Pukhtoon society operates, to undertake issues between individuals and communities, to address concerns and look for solutions acceptable to all the parties having at stake.<\/p><p>As a blue print of Pukhtoon life, Jirga is best summarized as a strategic exchange between two or more people to address an issue through verbal communication. The exchange may or may not result in an agreement on the issue, but the process itself leads the parties including the interveners to maintain a certain level of formal communication, thus ensuring Peace. Jirga and other systems of the present time<\/p><p>The modern justice system in this region is based on few distinguishable parameters, which combine together to form the whole system. This can be identified as below:<\/p><ul><li>A Prosecution System, comprising of Police, magistrates and similar bodies<\/li><li>A legal Framework, comprising of the set of laws enforced in the country<\/li><li>An Adjudicating Body, comprising various tiers of judiciary<\/li><li>An Implementation Body, including the Police and Jail Departments<\/li><li>The Civil Procedure, procedure adopted to process the cases involving civil disputes between<\/li><li>citizens and institutions<\/li><li>The Penal Code, defining the extent and nature of punishments for violation of each law<\/li><li>Evidence Laws, the process and method of recording evidence in a certain case and the value of such<\/li><li>evidence for taking a decision<\/li><li>Some Local and Special Laws adopted from time to time, like the Traffic Laws, Industry and Labor Laws etc.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce9f581 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ce9f581\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9551b4\" data-id=\"c9551b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-472f37a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"472f37a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-939abe9\" data-id=\"939abe9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fe6f6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fe6f6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1568\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/4_11zon-4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4735172\" data-id=\"4735172\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da3362f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"da3362f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1567\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/3_11zon-5.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d21f4ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d21f4ac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37aca1b\" data-id=\"37aca1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0a9a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d0a9a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1566\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/2_11zon-5.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6aac151\" data-id=\"6aac151\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1faf06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1faf06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1565\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/1_11zon-4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conflicts As Leo Tolstoy very rightly said that, \u201cthe seed of every crime are in each of us.\u201d Crime is&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"aioseo_notices":[],"post-meta":{"_edit_lock":["1662299078:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_aioseo_title":[null],"_aioseo_description":[null],"_aioseo_keywords":[""],"_aioseo_og_title":[null],"_aioseo_og_description":[null],"_aioseo_og_article_section":[""],"_aioseo_og_article_tags":[""],"_aioseo_twitter_title":[null],"_aioseo_twitter_description":[null],"site-container":["default"],"site-header-transparent":["default"],"site-page-header":["default"],"site-sidebar":["default"],"_elementor_edit_mode":["builder"],"_elementor_template_type":["wp-page"],"_elementor_version":["3.6.7"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_elementor_data":["[{\"id\":\"da55c80\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"837e8d0\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"b0d9fe6\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"title\":\"Conflicts\",\"header_size\":\"h6\",\"align\":\"center\"},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"heading\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"154383d\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"2c8ef11\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"b017a2e\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justpeaceint.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/4_11zon-1.jpg\",\"id\":1337,\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"},\"image_size\":\"medium_large\"},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"c68a52b\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"3b9c862\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"82ffeff\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"<p>As Leo Tolstoy very rightly said that, \\u201cthe seed of every crime are in each of us.\\u201d Crime is not an out-side phenomena, it lives with each individual\\u2019s inner self and depending on the opportunities available, it can come out. \\u201cPower corrupts\\u201d and \\u201cthe needy are not respectable\\u201d are some of the notions used by both the weaker and stronger communities to legitimize their actions. It changes its shape from place to place and individual to individual. Shame, honour, customary practice, ego what others will think or say are the basic elements that lead to crime in the high context society in general and Pukhtoon community of Afghanistan and Pakistan in particular. Such elements generate crime in each individual with different excuses. In some cases the victimization of the offender is dominated by his commitment of crime to others, while weak law give ample opportunities to the strong to take it in his own hand and quench his thirst. Strong law prevents the criminal from committing a crime in one hand, while social bondage prevents the individual from committing the crime, even in the weaker law countries. Divine law is the most important above all if taken it in the real sense to prevent community members from committing the crimes. If divine law is not practice then the two laws come to challenge each other\\u2019s existence. The criminal justice system and the traditional system of different communities practice in different part of the world. Such traditional systems are organized in the WEST under the umbrella of restorative justice systems. Called circle in the WEST, Sulha in the Middle East, gachacha in Africa, Morie tribe traditional practice in New Zealand are RJ systems. Jirga of the Pukhtoon community of Pakistan is the same system, with little differences.<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Human soul has three type of inclination as per the teaching of Islam;<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><p><strong><b>Amara<\\\/b><\\\/strong>\\u00a0(the inclination towards doing wrong, evil and sinful acts, termed as Nafs-i-Ammarah (12:53)<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Lawama<\\\/b><\\\/strong>\\u00a0(the inclination towards realisation and repentance i.e. to realise immediately if one does something wrong, that what he has done is wrong, and repent over it or rather reproach oneself for it, termed as Nafs-i-Lawwamah (75:2).<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Mutama\\u2019ina<\\\/b><\\\/strong>\\u00a0(the inclination towards doing good and righteous deeds, termed as Nafs-i-Mutmainnah (89:27),<\\\/p><p>They were misguided by their nafs \\u00a0but don\\u2019t realize it.(al baqara. 1)<\\\/p><p>Indeed the nafs instigates you on sin except those upon ALLAH endorses His mercy. \\u00a0(13)<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Right and duties<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ul><li>Human soul +internal struggle-----two possibilities<\\\/li><li>Hardwork+legal means----reward---internal+extrenal satisfaction.<\\\/li><li>Shortcutts+illegal means-----violation of right-------internal +external dissatisfaction-------conflict<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Conflicts erupt, as those who are same seek to:<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ul><li>control the other (&amp; reduced its otherness).<\\\/li><li>subordinate the other (&amp; exploit its otherness)<\\\/li><li>destroy the other (&amp; annihilate its otherness)<\\\/li><li>exclude the other (&amp; escape from threat of otherness)<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Main Reason of conflict;<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ul><li>Core of conflict theory is power &amp; not conflict<\\\/li><li>Conflict occurs when allocations of resources are seen as inadequate &amp; division of power is perceived as illegitimate<\\\/li><li>Conflict can be triggered by intentional \\u201cmismatching of words\\u201d<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Different stages of conflict;<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ol><li>Discussion<ul><li>Trust &amp; respect still exist<\\\/li><\\\/ul><\\\/li><li>Polarizing<ul><li>Parties create distance, communicate indirectly<\\\/li><\\\/ul><\\\/li><\\\/ol><p>3. Segregation<\\\/p><ul><li>We are good, other are evils<\\\/li><li>Totally boycott, to win or lose<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p>4. Destructive<\\\/p><ul><li>Direct violence, or complete violence<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Responding to conflict;<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>1. Destructive conflict needs containment<\\\/p><p>2. Confusing conflict needs clarification<\\\/p><p>3. Creative conflict needs utilizations<\\\/p><p>All conflicts require transformation, that does not eliminate or control but channels, alters (changes, amends, revises) And ultimately transforms the relationship<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Conflict Responses<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><p>Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.\\u201d \\u2013JamBaldwin.\\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0 \\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/p><p>1; FIGHT<\\\/p><p>2; FLIGHT<\\\/p><p>3; FREEZE<\\\/p><p><strong><b>Methods of conflict Prevention;<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ul><li>Conflict management<\\\/li><li>Conflict resolution<\\\/li><li>Conflict transformation<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Conflict management strategies<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><ul><li>Accommodation<\\\/li><li>Avoidance<\\\/li><li>Collaboration<\\\/li><li>Competition<\\\/li><li>Compromise<\\\/li><li>Co-existence \\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0\\u00a0<\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><strong><b>Different Laws for conflict Resolution!<\\\/b><\\\/strong><\\\/p><h3>What we mean by law<\\\/h3><p>Crime brings fear directly to the victim, his family, and friends and to the whole community. The criminal law is considered to be useful in achieving five ends, these are to reform the offender, to restrain him, to deter others, to revive communion symbolically, and as substantively. Is the prevailing judicial system sufficient to meet the above requirements? If not then we should find ways to make the system strong with other resources.<\\\/p><p>The prevailing law mostly focuses on the three important questions.<\\\/p><ol><li>What law has been broken?<\\\/li><li>Who did it?<\\\/li><li>What they deserve?<\\\/li><\\\/ol><p>States become victim in case of any offence, as crime by definition of the state is the violation of the existing law. The real victim and secondary victim is the community, kept aside by dealing with the offender. Does the law serve the purpose to fulfill the needs of the victim and community and compel the offender to make the wrong right? There are two types of law. Divine law and man made law. With in the man made then again there is state and traditional community based system. State law varies from state to state, but the traditional systems there are much community. As \\u00a0it is community bases, governed by elders, cheap, easily accessible and speedy<\\\/p><h3>Traditional system<\\\/h3><p>The world community followed divine law as their daily routine in the begging. With the passage of time, as human beings became more knowledgeable and more crowded, they started practicing their own traditional way of inter-action. Each community developed their own system. Some of these community systems are still preserved in one way or another. The most visible structure of such systems are circle in North America, Gagacha in Africa, Sulha in Middle east, Custom and traditions of the Morai tribe of New Zealand and Jirga in the Pukhtoon belt of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<\\\/p><p>When the concept of the state system came, state took the right of decision making from the community and declared herself a victim in the conflict, with the excuse that the perpetrator has broken the state law. With this the victim and community, apart from the initial involvement, were kept aside and direct action between the state and victim started. The state system not only kept the victim and community aside, but also prolonged the process, making it slow and costly. The State also tried to influence the traditional system through one-way or another for her own interest; the common example is FCR (Frontier crime regulation still in practice, introduced by the British empire to control the tribal belt Jirga system in Pakistan). The traditional Jirga system was community based, speedy and accessible to everyone. It did not lose its importance and still remains intact in the Pukhtoon belt of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<\\\/p><p>It is a name given to the model, in which a Pukhtoon society operates, to undertake issues between individuals and communities, to address concerns and look for solutions acceptable to all the parties having at stake.<\\\/p><p>As a blue print of Pukhtoon life, Jirga is best summarized as a strategic exchange between two or more people to address an issue through verbal communication. The exchange may or may not result in an agreement on the issue, but the process itself leads the parties including the interveners to maintain a certain level of formal communication, thus ensuring Peace. Jirga and other systems of the present time<\\\/p><p>The modern justice system in this region is based on few distinguishable parameters, which combine together to form the whole system. This can be identified as below:<\\\/p><ul><li>A Prosecution System, comprising of Police, magistrates and similar bodies<\\\/li><li>A legal Framework, comprising of the set of laws enforced in the country<\\\/li><li>An Adjudicating Body, comprising various tiers of judiciary<\\\/li><li>An Implementation Body, including the Police and Jail Departments<\\\/li><li>The Civil Procedure, procedure adopted to process the cases involving civil disputes between<\\\/li><li>citizens and institutions<\\\/li><li>The Penal Code, defining the extent and nature of punishments for violation of each law<\\\/li><li>Evidence Laws, the process and method of recording evidence in a certain case and the value of such<\\\/li><li>evidence for taking a decision<\\\/li><li>Some Local and Special Laws adopted from time to time, like the Traffic Laws, Industry and Labor Laws etc.<\\\/li><\\\/ul>\"},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"ce9f581\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":[],\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"c9551b4\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":100,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"98904a8\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"editor\":\"\"},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"text-editor\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"472f37a\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"structure\":\"20\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"939abe9\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":50,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"4fe6f6e\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justpeaceint.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/4_11zon-4.jpg\",\"id\":1568,\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"4735172\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":50,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"da3362f\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justpeaceint.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/3_11zon-5.jpg\",\"id\":1567,\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"d21f4ac\",\"elType\":\"section\",\"settings\":{\"structure\":\"20\"},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"37aca1b\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":50,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"d0a9a53\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justpeaceint.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/2_11zon-5.jpg\",\"id\":1566,\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":false},{\"id\":\"6aac151\",\"elType\":\"column\",\"settings\":{\"_column_size\":50,\"_inline_size\":null},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"a1faf06\",\"elType\":\"widget\",\"settings\":{\"image\":{\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justpeaceint.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/09\\\/1_11zon-4.jpg\",\"id\":1565,\"alt\":\"\",\"source\":\"library\"}},\"elements\":[],\"widgetType\":\"image\"}],\"isInner\":false}],\"isInner\":false}]"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:0:{}"],"_elementor_css":["a:6:{s:4:\"time\";i:1671193400;s:5:\"fonts\";a:0:{}s:5:\"icons\";a:0:{}s:20:\"dynamic_elements_ids\";a:0:{}s:6:\"status\";s:4:\"file\";i:0;s:0:\"\";}"]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1559"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1559"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1571,"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1559\/revisions\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/justpeaceint.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}